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HelpTest Code IGF1S Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1, Serum
Necessary Information
Indicate patient's age and sex.
Specimen Required
Patient Preparation: For 12 hours before specimen collection, patient should not take multivitamins or dietary supplements (eg, hair, skin, and nail supplements) containing biotin (vitamin B7).
Supplies: Sarstedt Aliquot Tube, 5 mL (T914)
Collection Container/Tube:
Preferred: Red top
Acceptable: Serum gel
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial
Specimen Volume: 0.8 mL Serum
Collection Instructions: Centrifuge and aliquot serum into a plastic vial.
Useful For
First-tier test for evaluation of growth disorders
Evaluation of growth hormone deficiency or excess in children and adults
Monitoring of recombinant human growth hormone treatment
Follow-up of individuals with acromegaly and gigantism
Disease States
- Acromegaly
- Gigantism
- Growth hormone deficiency
Method Name
Chemiluminescence Immunoassay
Reporting Name
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1, SSpecimen Type
SerumSpecimen Minimum Volume
Serum: 0.5 mL
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Serum | Frozen (preferred) | 90 days |
| Ambient | 7 days | |
| Refrigerated | 7 days |
Reject Due To
| Gross hemolysis | Reject |
| Gross lipemia | OK |
| Gross icterus | Reject |
Clinical Information
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a 70-amino acid polypeptide (molecular weight [MW] 7.6 kDa).IGF1 is the major mediator of the anabolic and growth-promoting effects of growth hormone (GH). IGF1 is mostly bound to protein, in particular insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), which also controls its bioavailability and half-life. Noncomplexed IGF1 and IGFBP3 have short half-lives (t1/2) of 10 and 30 to 90 minutes, respectively, while the IGFBP3/IGF1 complex is cleared with a much slower t1/2 of 12 hours.
Insulin-like growth factor 1 is produced by many tissues, but the liver is the main source of circulating IGF1. IGF1 synthesis in the liver is under the control of GH. The secretion patterns of IGF1 and IGFBP3 mimic each other. Unlike GH secretion, which is pulsatile and demonstrates significant diurnal variation, IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels show only minor fluctuations. IGF1 and IGFBP3 serum levels therefore represent a stable and integrated measurement of GH production and tissue effect.
Low IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels are observed in GH deficiency or GH resistance. If acquired in childhood, these conditions result in short stature. Childhood GH deficiency can be an isolated abnormality or associated with deficiencies of other pituitary hormones. Some of the latter cases may be due to either pituitary or hypothalamic tumors or result from cranial radiation or intrathecal chemotherapy for childhood malignancies. Most GH resistance in childhood is mild-to-moderate, with causes ranging from poor nutrition to severe systemic illness (eg, kidney failure). These individuals may have IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels within the reference range. Severe childhood GH resistance is rare and usually due to GH-receptor defects. Both GH deficiency and mild-to-moderate GH resistance can be treated with recombinant human GH (rhGH) injections. The prevalence and causes of adult GH resistance are uncertain, but adult GH deficiency is seen mainly in pituitary tumor patients. It is associated with decreased muscle bulk and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but replacement therapy remains controversial.
Elevated serum IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels indicate a sustained over-production of GH, or excessive rhGH therapy. Endogenous GH excess is caused mostly by GH-secreting pituitary adenomas, resulting in gigantism, if acquired before epiphyseal closure, and in acromegaly thereafter. Both conditions are associated with generalized organomegaly, hypertension, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, osteoarthritis, compression neuropathies, a mild increase in cancer risk (breast, colon, prostate, lung), and diminished longevity. It is plausible, but unproven, that long-term rhGH overtreatment may result in similar adverse outcomes.
Malnutrition results in low IGF1 levels, which recover with restoration of adequate nutrition.
Reference Values
Male:
<1 year: 27.0-157.0 ng/mL
1 year: 29.7-166.8 ng/mL
2 years: 33.9-183.9 ng/mL
3 years: 39.0-204.5 ng/mL
4 years: 44.3-225.0 ng/mL
5 years: 50.0-245.5 ng/mL
6 years: 56.2-267.1 ng/mL
7 years: 63.4-291.9 ng/mL
8 years: 72.4-323.1 ng/mL
9 years: 83.6-361.6 ng/mL
10 years: 96.9-406.6 ng/mL
11 years: 111.6-454.4 ng/mL
12 years: 126.1-498.7 ng/mL
13 years: 138.6-532.5 ng/mL
14 years: 147.5-551.2 ng/mL
15 years: 152.2-553.5 ng/mL
16 years: 152.9-541.8 ng/mL
17 years: 150.6-520.6 ng/mL
18 years: 146.2-493.6 ng/mL
19 years: 140.2-462.7 ng/mL
20 years: 133.1-430.0 ng/mL
21-25 years: 115.2-354.8 ng/mL
26-30 years: 97.9-281.6 ng/mL
31-35 years: 88.3-246.0 ng/mL
36-40 years: 83.4-232.7 ng/mL
41-45 years: 74.9-216.4 ng/mL
46-50 years: 66.9-205.1 ng/mL
51-55 years: 60.6-200.3 ng/mL
56-60 years: 54.3-194.2 ng/mL
61-65 years: 48.8-187.7 ng/mL
66-70 years: 46.5-191.9 ng/mL
71-75 years: 40.9-179.2 ng/mL
76-80 years: 37.1-172.0 ng/mL
81-85 years: 33.8-165.4 ng/mL
86-90 years: 32.2-166.1 ng/mL
Females:
<1 year: 17.9-125.6 ng/mL
1 year: 19.5-132.3 ng/mL
2 years: 22.2-145.4 ng/mL
3 years: 25.9-164.2 ng/mL
4 years: 30.7-187.8 ng/mL
5 years: 36.2-214.4 ng/mL
6 years: 42.0-240.4 ng/mL
7 years: 48.6-269.6 ng/mL
8 years: 56.9-305.3 ng/mL
9 years: 67.2-349.4 ng/mL
10 years: 79.5-400.3 ng/mL
11 years: 92.6-452.6 ng/mL
12 years: 105.3-499.1 ng/mL
13 years: 115.9-533.4 ng/mL
14 years: 123.4-552.0 ng/mL
15 years: 127.4-554.2 ng/mL
16 years: 127.9-541.5 ng/mL
17 years: 125.3-517.3 ng/mL
18 years: 120.5-485.8 ng/mL
19 years: 114.4-450.8 ng/mL
20 years: 107.8-416.0 ng/mL
21-25 years: 92.9-342.0 ng/mL
26-30 years: 78.4-270.0 ng/mL
31-35 years: 73.1-243.0 ng/mL
36-40 years: 69.0-227.0 ng/mL
41-45 years: 61.5-204.4 ng/mL
46-50 years: 56.8-194.5 ng/mL
51-55 years: 53.0-189.6 ng/mL
56-60 years: 45.6-172.4 ng/mL
61-65 years: 42.2-169.0 ng/mL
66-70 years: 38.3-162.5 ng/mL
71-75 years: 36.6-164.7 ng/mL
76-80 years: 34.7-164.8 ng/mL
81-85 years: 34.4-172.4 ng/mL
86-90 years: 33.6-177.8 ng/mL
Tanner stage reference intervals:
Males:
I : 81.3-255.3 ng/mL
II: 106.2-432.3 ng/mL
III: 244.9-511.4 ng/mL
IV: 222.6-577.7 ng/mL
V: 227.4-517.8 ng/mL
Females:
I: 85.9-323.0 ng/mL
II: 117.5-451.3 ng/mL
III: 258.3-528.5 ng/mL
IV: 224.2-585.8 ng/mL
V: 188.2-511.6 ng/mL
Tanner Stage reference source: Bindlingmaier M, Friedrich N, Emeny RT,et al. Reference intervals for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from birth to senescence: results from a multicenter study using a new automated chemiluminescence IGF-I immunoassay conforming to recent international recommendations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(5):1712-1721
Note: Puberty onset (transition from Tanner stage I to Tanner stage II) occurs for boys at a median age of 11.5 (±2) years and for girls at a median age of 10.5 (±2) years. There is evidence that it may occur up to 1 year earlier in obese girls and in African American girls. For boys, there is no definite proven relationship between puberty onset and body weight or ethnic origin. Progression through Tanner stages is variable. Tanner stage V (young adult) should be reached by age 18.
Day(s) Performed
Monday through Friday
Report Available
1 to 3 daysPerforming Laboratory
Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester
Test Classification
This test has been cleared, approved, or is exempt by the US Food and Drug Administration and is used per manufacturer's instructions. Performance characteristics were verified by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements.CPT Code Information
84305