Clinical Information

C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the most sensitive acute-phase reactants for inflammation. CRP is synthesized by the liver and consists of 5 identical polypeptide chains that form a 5-membered ring with a molecular weight of 105,000 Da. Complexed CRP activates the classical complement pathway. The CRP response frequently precedes clinical symptoms, including fever.

CRP elevations are nonspecific and may be useful for the detection of systemic inflammatory processes; to assess treatment of bacterial infections with antibiotics; to detect intrauterine infections with concomitant premature amniorrhexis; to differentiate between active and inactive forms of disease with concurrent infection, eg, in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus or colitis ulcerosa; to therapeutically monitor rheumatic disease and assess antiinflammatory therapy; to determine the presence of postoperative complications at an early stage, such as infected wounds, thrombosis, and pneumonia; and to distinguish between infection and bone marrow rejection. Postoperative monitoring of CRP levels of patients can aid in the recognition of unexpected complications (persisting high or increasing levels).

Measuring changes in the concentration of CRP provides useful diagnostic information about the level of acuity and severity of a disease. It also allows judgments about the disease genesis. Persistence of a high serum CRP concentration is usually a grave prognostic sign that generally indicates the presence of an uncontrolled infection.